蜜蜂为黄瓜授粉研究现状

Research Status of Cucumber Pollination by Bees in China

黄瓜是我国北方冬季温室栽培的主要瓜类之一,然而目前其瓜果品质较差、产量和优果率较低,且其生产过程不能满足绿色无公害蔬菜的发展要求。关键原因在于温室内授粉昆虫不足,人们大量使用植物生长激素。尽管人工辅助授粉可以提高产量,但目前人工授粉成本不断增加;而利用昆虫为黄瓜授粉对大幅提高产量,尤其在提高瓜果品质方面有着不可替代的作用。蜜蜂和熊蜂是黄瓜理想的授粉昆虫,所以大力推广蜜蜂、熊蜂授粉技术,将人工辅助授粉和蜂类授粉相结合是提高黄瓜产量、改善黄瓜品质的重要途径。本文综述了黄瓜花部特征、传粉方式、利用蜂类为黄瓜传粉的优势及蜂类在温室黄瓜花朵上的采集习性,并为今后提高黄瓜的产量和质量提出了几点建议。

In northern part of our country, cucumber is one of the main cultivation melons in greenhouses. However, poor fruit quality, low yield and marketable fruit rate can no longer satisfy the development requirement of green poilution-free vegetables. That is because of few pollinating cial pollination can improve the yield of cucumber, insects and largely using auxin in greenhouses. Although, artificost is increasing. Pollinators play an irreplaceable role in boosting the yield and particularly improving the quality. Honeybees and bumblebees are ideal pollinating insects for cucumber. Consequently poUination by honeybees or bumblebees should be popularized. It is an important approach to improve the yield and quality of cucumber through combining artificial pollination with pollination by bees. This article reviewed floral traits, pollination patterns,advantages of pollination by bees as well as the foraging behavior of bees on cucumber flowers in greenhouses. Based on what mentioned above, several suggestions were given for improving cucumber production and fruit quality.