必须保卫社会生活:重新界定卢梭思想的问题域

Defending Social Life: Redefine the Problem Scope of Rousseau's Thoughts

一直以来,如何从整体上界定卢梭思想的问题域都是争论不休的难题。若从个体与社会生活之间的构成性关系切入,卢梭思想的核心乃是如何化解绝对性个体主义给现代社会带来的瓦解危机,亦即如何治疗现代人脱离"社会"的顽固倾向,进而建设一种由道德个体组成的社会伦理生活。不仅如此,更重要的是,卢梭的方案并不取消个体自由,而是在承认个体自由的基础上进行多层次的引导和补救:挖掘人性中的被动性;肯定社会机体内在的自我生成机制;引导现代个体迈向自然宗教及其神圣秩序;重新发掘"民情"对个体的习染作用;为个体的道德自由找到公意政治的支持。

How to define the problem scope of Rousseau’s thoughts on the whole has long been at issue. If we discuss it from the formation relationship between individuals and social life,the core of Rousseau’s is how to eliminate the crisis of modern society brought about by absolute individualism,that is,how to cure modern people’s stubborn tendencies of detaching themselves from society,thereby establishing a kind of social ethi-cal life among moral individuals. To be more important,Rousseau in his plan did not limit individual’s free-dom,but further confirmed various guidance and remedies on the basis of individual’s freedom,dug out the passive in human nature,confirmed self-creation mechanism within social organism,guided modern individu-als toward nature and religion as well as holy order,recovered the impact of“social mores”upon individuals, and helped individual’s moral freedom find out the support from public politics.