北宋杂剧艺人肖像雕砖的发现

The Finding of Zaju Portrait Carved Bricks of the Northern Dynasty

近期4块汴京宋杂剧艺人肖像墓葬雕砖在中州的发现令世人瞩目。4人一字排列镶嵌,脚色特征明显,3人姓名见于《东京梦华录》,皆为当时京都当红杂剧艺人。其中"丁都赛"雕砖与此前传世雕砖系同模所制,说明当时民间模制墓葬雕砖的风习。中州墓葬汴京杂剧艺人肖像雕砖的集中出土,以及杂剧砖雕墓葬的流行,是宋杂剧演出在民间盛行的反映。北宋墓葬杂剧装饰的形制各异,有砖雕、壁画、石棺雕刻等,而以杂剧砖雕最为常见,此类墓葬集中出土于中州地区的黄河两岸,宣示了当地曾经的历史文明状貌。

Recently 4 Zaju portrait carved bricks found in the central plains attracted many people atten- tion. The 4 Zaju portraits were all the roles of Zaju, and 3 roles were recorded by the book of Dong Jing Meng Hua. Ding sai Du sai was a role which was similar with the former found, they should be made by one mold. the unearthed Zaju carved bricks and the popular catting brick tombs reflected Zaju performance was very pre- vail in the Northern Song Dynasty. The carving brick tombs were concentrated two sides of the Huanghe river, which reflected the local situation of historic civilization.