全球价值链、附加值贸易与中美贸易利益测度

Global Value Chain,Trade in Value-added And Measurement of China-US Trade

全球价值链视角下,保持贸易利益增长的核心在于追求贸易附加值。自中美两国贸易互通有无以来,随着中美贸易额的大幅增长,关于中美贸易利益不平衡的争论也愈演愈烈,如何客观测度中国在对美贸易活动中获取的真实贸易利益已成为国际贸易学研究领域的前沿问题。该文根据2000至2011年的贸易数据,基于贸易附加值测算模型量化分析中国对美制造业出口的贸易利益,并按照不同的产业部门分别进行测算。整体而言,制造业部门在11年间对美出口贸易利益并未得到实质性增长;不同要素密集度的制造业部门在中美贸易中获利具有明显的差异性,劳动密集型出口产业附加值高于技术密集型。但就相对指标而言,各部门的国内价值增值含量普遍出现下降趋势。最后,针对上述结论从积极参与国际分工,增加高级生产要素投入和改善贸易结构三个角度出发,提出相关政策建议。

Under the view of global value chain, the core of maintain trade interests growth lies in the pursuit of trade value added. Since the Sino-US trade negotiation has been launched, with the rapid development of bilateral economic and trade relations, the debate on Sino-US trade imbalance is becoming more and more intense. How to measure China＇ s real trade interests in the bilateral trade activities has become a leading research field in the study of international trade. In the theoretical framework of global value chain division, through the Inter-Country Input and Output table modle to quantify our manufacturing exports to US and redefine China＇ s trade interest, which according to the different industrial sectors. Generally speaking, during 2000- 2011, China＇s trade gains in the exports to the United States have not risen substantially in the manufacturing sector; different intensity factor of industries have significant differences, labor intensive export industries value added is higher than that of teohnology intensive. But in the relative indexes, the domestic value added content of each sector is generally declining. Finally, this paper put forward the corresponding recommendations to improve China＇ s trade welfare, including these three aspects： participate in international division of labor in greater depth and a larger scale, add advanced prodution factors input and improve the trade structure.