2,2,6,6-四硝基金刚烷的合成与表征

Synthesis and Characterization of 2,2,6,6-Tetranitroadamantane

以金刚烷为原料,经氧化、肟化,合成了2,6-金刚烷二酮肟,再使用N2O5为硝化剂,直接由2,6-金刚烷二酮肟一步氧化硝化制得了2,2,6,6-四硝基金刚烷,并利用核磁共振(NMR)、红外(IR)、元素分析等对产物进行了表征。研究了物料配比、溶剂、温度、时间对氧化硝化反应收率的影响,确定了最佳反应条件:溶剂为二氯甲烷,摩尔比n(2,6-金刚烷二酮肟)∶n(N2O5)=1∶6,反应温度为50℃,反应时间为30 min,收率为50%。利用热重分析(TG)和差示扫描量热法(DSC)对2,2,6,6-四硝基金刚烷的热性能进行了分析,发现其从275℃开始分解,在298℃时有尖锐放热峰,表明2,2,6,6-四硝基金刚烷具有良好的热稳定性。

2,2,6,6-Tetranitroadamantane was synthesized by direct oxidative nitration from adamantane-2,6-dionedioxime, which was prepared via oxidation and oximation of adamantane. The structures of the products were confirmed by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, IR and elementary analysis. The reaction conditions of the oxidative nitrition were optimized as following： n（adamantane-2,6-dionedioxime） ： n（dinitrogen pentoxide）=l ： 6, reaction solvent CH2CI2, reaction temperature 50 ℃ and reaction time 30 min, with the yield of 50%. The thermal properties of 2,2,6,6-tetranitroadamantane were analyzed by thermogravimetry （TG） and differential scanning calorimetric （DSC） measurements. Results show that its decomposition temperature is 275℃ and exothermic peak temperature is 298℃, which indicate that 2,2,6,6-tetranitroadamantane has good thermal stability.