烤烟成熟期氮素灌淋调亏对烟叶生长发育及质量的影响

Effects of Nitrogen Leaching at Maturing Stage on Growth and Quality of Flue-cured Tobacco

于豫中砂壤土设计田间试验，在两个施氮水平下（常规施氮水平、常规施氮水平上增加15％），研究成熟期统一氮素灌淋调亏对烟叶生长发育、烤后烟叶化学成分、中性香气成分以及感官质量等的影响。结果表明：烤烟成熟期氮素灌淋调亏处理，有利于控制烟株生长后期的长势，促进成熟落黄和降低烤后烟叶的蛋白质、烟碱、总氮、钾以及氯的含量，提高还原糖和总糖含量，化学成分更趋协调；增氮条件下调亏处理中上等烟比例和均价分别高出不调亏处理18．03％和20．23％，亩产值高出其他处理12．72％～32．97％，上部叶中性致香成分高出其他处理15．75％～23．55％。因此，适当增加施氮量并结合成熟期灌淋调亏处理既有利于促进烟株前中期发育和干物质积累，提高中性致香物质含量，同时也可促进成熟期烟叶成熟，提高烟叶感官质量、均价、产量以及亩产值，从而提高经济效益。

An open field experiment with sandy loam and different levels of nitrogen application （normal application and adding 15% based on normal application） was conducted to study the effects of nitrogen leaching at the maturing stage on growth, chemical composition, neutral aroma components and sensory quality of flue-cured tobacco in the central Henan Province. The results showed nitrogen leaching was beneficial to control tobacco growing at later stages, promote leaves mature, reduce the content of protein, nicotine, potassium, total nitrogen and chlorine, increase the content of total sugar and reducing sugar, harmonize chemical composition. Under the condition of higher nitrogen application, percentage of middle and upper tobacco leaves bearing nitrogen leaching was 18.03% higher than that not bearing nitrogen leaching, and average price 20.23% higher; moreover, the treatment of nitrogen leaching and higher nitrogen application compared with the other treatments, tobacco＇s output value per unit area increased by 12.72%-32.97%, and the content of neutral aroma components of upper tobacco leaves increased by 15.75%-23.55%. Thus, that increasing nitrogen application amount appropriately and uniting with nitrogen leaching at the maturing stage not only benefited growth and dry matter accumulation at early and middle stage of tobacco, boosting the contents of neutral aroma substances, ripening during maturing stage, but also made greater sensory quality of flue-cured tobacco, average price, yield and output value per unit area, and eventually expanded its economic efficiency.