历史上的移民运动与民众生活方式变迁——兼谈走西口对晋西北乡民生活方式的影响

Immigration Movement in History and Changes of Villagers' Lifestyle:A Concurrent Analysis of the Effect of “Go West” on Villagers' Lifestyles In Northwest of Shanxi Province

"走西口"是发生于明清以及民国年间历时长、规模大和范围广的移民运动。其中山西以晋西北的河曲、保德等地的"走西口"最为普遍、最具代表性。走西口不仅对晋西北乡民的衣、食、住、行、乐等日常生活方式产生了深远的影响,而且对乡民的畜牧业和商业等劳动生活方式产生了很大的影响,也使乡民养成不畏艰辛,敢于冒险的开拓精神和热情豪爽、粗犷率直的性格特征,以及十分凝重的恋乡情结。

＂Go West＂ is one large - scale immigration movement which lasts for a long time during the Ming and Qing Dynasties as well as the Republic of China. In addition, in Shanxi Province, ＂Go West＂ in counties such as Hequ, and Baode which lie in northwest could be regarded as the most common and representative. ＂Go West＂ not only generates a deep influence on villagers＇ basic necessities of life in northwest of Shanxi Province, but also impacts their labor lifestyles a lot such as animal husbandry and commerce. In the meantime, villagers＇ characters which are being brave, courageous, enthusiastic, and straightforward as well as local complex are shaped.