新型社会救助制度:成就、问题与发展方向

New social assistance system: achievements,problems and development directions

1978年以来,中国初步建立了以最低生活保障制度、医疗救助制度、五保供养制度为主要内容的新型社会救助制度体系,社会救助覆盖面不断扩大、救助力度不断增强、法律建设取得了较快发展。然而,中国新型社会救助还存在救助理念滞后、二元分割现象明显、责任分担机制不合理、待遇调整机制不科学、对象瞄准机制不健全等问题。研究认为:新型社会救助制度的发展方向是确立积极的社会救助理念、统筹城乡社会救助发展、完善瞄准机制、建立合理的待遇调整机制。

Since 1978, China has established a preliminary social assistance system that includedthe minimum living standard security system, medical and health assistance system and the ＂five guaran-tees＂ system as its main content. The social relief has been being intensified, its coverage has been beingexpanded, and legal construction of the social assistance system has developed rapidly. However, thereexist some problems in China＇s new social assistance system, which include the lagging behind concept ofsocial assistance, the obvious dichotomy in social assistance, the unjustifiable mechanism of shared re-sponsibility, the unscientific adjustment mechanism, the incomplete targeting mechanism social assist-ance. The present research supports that in the future, the new social assistance system should be com-pleted by establishing positive concept of social assistance, integrating the development of the socialassistance system in rural and urban areas, improving the targeting mechanisms of the social assistancesystem and establishing a reasonable adjustment mechanism of the social system.