断穗小麦和节节麦黏壳、断穗基因SSR位点的遗传多样性

Genetic Diversity of SSR Loci Associated with Tenacious Glume and Brittle Rachis Genes in Hexaploid Wheat and Triticum tauschii

为探讨云南小麦中黏壳、断穗基因的起源,以马卡小麦和欧洲斯卑尔脱小麦为对照,利用定位在第二部分同源染色体的与黏壳性基因Tg-2BS、Tg-2DS及定位在第三部分同源染色体上的与断穗基因Br-3AS、Br-3BS紧密连锁的26对SSR引物来研究云南小麦、西藏小麦和节节麦在黏壳、断穗基因SSR位点上的遗传多样性和它们之间的亲缘关系。结果表明,无论是在与Tg-2BS、Tg-2DS还是与Br-3AS、Br-3BS紧密连锁的SSR位点上,云南小麦的遗传多样性都比西藏小麦的丰富。在黏壳性基因SSR位点上,云南小麦和西藏小麦之间的亲缘关系比西藏小麦和马卡小麦之间、西藏小麦和斯卑尔脱小麦之间的关系远;而在断穗基因SSR位点上,云南和西藏小麦之间的亲缘关系又比它们各自与斯卑尔脱小麦之间的关系更近。但是这些结果不能确切说明云南小麦黏壳、断穗基因的来源。另外,在与Tg-2DS紧密连锁的SSR位点上,节节麦strangulata亚种与4个六倍体断穗小麦亚种的亲疏关系比taushii亚种与六倍体断穗小麦之间、typical变种与六倍体断穗小麦之间的关系远。说明六倍体断穗小麦的D染色体组供体可能不是strangulata亚种,而可能是taushii亚种的基因型。

To investigate the origin of tenacious glume and brittle rachis genes in Yunnan hulled wheat（ Triticum aestivum ssp. yunnanense）,genetic diversity and genetic relationship of Yunnan hulled wheat,Tibetan wheat（ T. aestivum ssp. tibetanum） and T. tauschii were studied on simple sequence repeats（ SSR） loci associated with tenacious glume and brittle rachis genes,with macha wheat（ T. aestivum ssp. macha） and spelt wheat（ T. aestivum ssp. spelta） as controls. 26 pairs of SSR primers closely linked to tenacious glume genes Tg-2BS and Tg-2DS located on the second homologous chromosomes and brittle rachis genes Br-3AS and Br-3BS located on the third homologous chromosomes were involved. The results showed that the genetic diversity of Yunnan hulled wheat was more abundant than that of Tibet wheat at SSR loci of both Tg-2BS and Tg-2DS and Br-3AS and Br-3BS. At SSR loci of Tg-2BS and Tg-2DS,the relationship between Yunnan hulled wheat and Tibetan wheat was more distant than that between Tibetan wheat and macha wheat,and between Tibetan wheat and spelt wheat. However,at SSR loci of Br-3AS and Br-3BS,the relationship between Yunnan wheatand Tibetan wheat was closer than that between Yunnan wheat and spelt wheat,and between Tibetan wheat and spelt wheat. But thoese result can not indicate the source of tenacious glume and brittle rachis genes. Moreover,at SSR loci of Tg-2BS,the relationship of strangulata subspecies in T. tauschii and 4 subspecies of hexaploid wheat with brittle rachis was more distant than relationship of taushii subspecies in T. tauschii and 4subspecies of hexaploid brittle rachis wheat with brittle rachis and relationship of typical variety of T. tauschii and 4 subspecies of hexaploid wheat with brittle rachis. It was shown that donor of D chromosome of hexaploid wheat with brittle rachis may not belong to strangulata subspecies,but may be genotype of taushii subspecies.