春性和半冬性小麦花后旗叶和籽粒氮代谢关键酶活性的差异

Difference of Activities of Nitrogen Metabolism Enzymes in Flag Leaves and Grain after Anthesis of Semi-winter and Spring Wheat Varieties

为探明不同生态类型小麦氮效率(NUE)差异的生理特征,选用不同半冬性小麦品种(2012-2013年6个,2013-2014年3个)和春性小麦品种(2012-2013年9个,2013-2014年3个)为材料,研究了春性和半冬性小麦花后旗叶和籽粒氮代谢关键酶活性的差异,分析了酶活性与氮效率的相关性。结果表明,在施氮量相同条件下,半冬性小麦灌浆期旗叶及籽粒的平均硝酸还原酶(NR)、谷氨酸合成酶(GOGAT)、谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)的活性均高于春性小麦;籽粒谷丙转氨酶(GPT)活性在灌浆中前期高于春性小麦。在半冬性小麦品种中,旗叶和籽粒GS活性与氮素生理效率(NPE)呈显著或极显著正相关,与氮肥农学效率(NAE)、氮收获指数(NHI)相关性也较高;春性品种中,旗叶和籽粒GS活性与NPE、NHI呈显著或极显著相关,籽粒GS活性与NAE显著相关,说明叶片和籽粒中GS活性可以作为两种类型小麦筛选NPE、NAE、NHI等性状的共性选择指标。半冬性小麦品种NR活性与氮肥吸收效率(NUEa)、氮肥表观利用率(NUR)显著相关;春性品种NR活性与氮肥农学效率(NAE)、氮肥生产效率(NGPE)显著或极显著相关,春性小麦品种籽粒GPT活性与NAE、NPEG活性呈极显著正相关,说明不同生态小麦品种氮效率还可通过其他不同的生理指标进行评价。

This study was conducted to investigate the physiological characteristics of nitrogen efficiency（NUE） of semi-winter and spring wheat varieties. The activities of key enzymes involved in nitrogen metabolism were determined and the correlations between the activities of these enzymes and NUE were analyzed. At grain filling stage,the activities of nitrate reductase（ NR）,glutamate synthase（ GOGAT） and glutamine synthetase（ GS） in the flag leaves and the grains of semi-winter wheat varieties were higher than those of spring wheat varieties when nitrogen was applied at the same rate. At the early and the middle stages of grain filling,the activity of glutamine pyruvic transaminase（ GPT） in the grains of semi-winter wheat varieties was higher than that of spring wheat varieties. For the semi-winter wheat varieties,there were positive correlations between GS activity in the flag leaves and grains with nitrogen physiological efficiency（ NPE）. GS activity was alsohighly positive correlated with agronomic efficiency of N fertilizer efficiency（ NAE） and nitrogen harvest index（NHI） in the semi-winter wheat varieties. For the spring wheat varieties,GS activities in the flag leaves and grains were positively correlated with NPE and NHI. GS activity of the grains was positively correlated with NAE. GS activity can be used as an index for the selection of NPE,NAE and NHI in semi-winter and spring wheat varieties. The activities of NR of semi-winter wheat varieties were positively correlated with the uptake efficiency of N fertilizer（ NUEa） and the utilization rate of N fertilizer（ NUR）. The activities of NR of spring wheat varieties were positively correlated with NAE and nitrogen grain production efficiency（ NGPE）. The GPT activities of spring wheat varieties were positively correlated to NAE and NPEG in grains. These indicate that the nitrogen efficiency of different ecological wheat varieties can be evaluated with other physiological indexes.