中小企业创新生态系统困境与优化路径--以山东省为例

中小企业创新生态系统与自然生态系统在结构功能和运行机制等方面具有众多的相似性,近年来出现的创新生态系统理论为更加全面、系统地研究企业创新行为提供了新的视角。应用创新生态系统理论,搭建中小企业创新生态系统逻辑结构,并以山东省为例,从系统要素和运行机制两方面分析中小企业创新活动的现状和困境,最后从增强创新能量的内部转化效果、明确创新生态位、与其他创新组织的互利共生以及优化外部创新环境这四个角度提出山东中小企业优化创新生态系统的对策建议。

There are many similarities for innovation ecosystems and natural ecological systems of small and medium-sized enterprises in the aspects of structure, function and operating mechanism. The theory of innovation ecosystem launched recently pro- vides us a new perspective to more comprehensively and systematically study enterprise innovations. First, the theory of in- novation ecosystem is applied to build the logical structures of innovation ecosystem of small and medium-sized enterpris- es; then, from two aspects of the system elements and the operating mechanism, the situation and dilemma of innovation activities of SMEs in Shandong province are analyzed; finally, the policy implications on how to improve the innovation e- cosystem of small and medium enterprises in Shandong are put forward, which include enhancing the internal transforma- tion effect of creative energy, specifying the innovation niche, establishing the symbiotic relationships with other innovative organizations and optimizing the external environment for innovation.