暴力与社会——美国暴力社会学研究评述

From Literature to Culture： The Reflection on Folk Literature＇s Ontology

尽管暴力是人类历史长河中的普遍现象,但长期以来,暴力研究一直处于社会学的边缘地带。对于这种忽视,最常见的理由,也是绝大部分社会学家的共识,就是：现代性意味着人类普遍的理性化、经济增长、科技进步与社会和平。暴力既不是现代社会的常规状态,也不是社会生活的内在特征,它是非理性化的远古时代的遗留物,随着＂文明的历程＂必将烟消云散。虽然上述观点颇有道理,但这种判断显然过于草率和乐观。

Since the birth of the People＇s Republic of China, as the teaching and studying object, ＂folk literature＂ mainly presents the binary apposition type. In fact, literary interpretation of folk literature made literariness at the first place by showing the text itself and constructing ＂text - literature＂ communication; In practice, folk literature is identified as ＂literature＂ and classified into ＂language and literature major＂ by the educational system. This article suggests that at present grasping the opportunity of deepening educational reform, we should clarify the relationships between formal literature and life ontology in subject, literary text and performance behavior, written matter and orality, individual writer and the common group. At the same time, we must face up to the advantages and disadvantages resulted from edging in ＂Chinese department＂ and regarding as the ＂counterparts of literary major＂ while review, explore ＂folklore＂ as the first subject, to build the oral linguistic folklore＇s system in the contexts of ＂intangible cultural heritage＂ and ＂pluralistic integration＂ and then transform from the literary per- spective to the chaotic cultural perspective to form a kind of teaching and researching trinity that includes multi- ethnic harmonious world, linguistic folklore and folk culture.