乳源瑶族自治县中小学生视力不良现况及影响因素分析

The Poor Eyesight Status of Primary and Secondary Students and Its Influence Factors in Ruyuan Yao Autonomous County

目的了解乳源瑶族自治县中小学生视力不良现况及其影响因素,为我县制定预防视力不良对策提供科学依据。方法对乳源县15所中小学校学生进行视力检测,按随机、多级分层和整群抽样的方法抽取4所中小学校学生进行视力不良影响因素问卷调查。结果乳源县中小学生视力不良检出率为30.81%,小学生和初中生视力不良检出率分别为27.10%和43.20%,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01);随着年级的增加,视力不良检出率和重度近视比例显著增加(P<0.005);县城和乡镇学生视力不良检出率分别为40.90%和19.72%,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01)。视力不良单因素分析显示,用眼环境光线不适(过暗/过亮),持续用眼时间>1 h且接触屏幕频率>2次/周的学生视力不良检出率高,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论乳源县中小学生视力不良检出率为30.81%,处于较高水平,且随着年级的增加而增加,县城学生比乡镇学生视力不良发生率高。用眼环境(过暗/过亮)、接触荧光屏持续时间和频率是影响视力的重要因素。为学生提供正确、合理和舒适的学习环境是降低学生视力不良发生率的重要方法之一。

OBJECTIVE To research the poor eyesight status of primary and secondary students in Ruyuan Yao Autonomous County and analysis the influence factors, providing scientific basis for the government. METHODS Have an eye examination for all the primary and secondary stu- dents in 15 Ruyuan County schools. Sample a number of students from 4 schools to be investigated by questionnaire of the factors that make eye weakness, using random sampling, multistage stratified sampling and cluster sampling. RESULTS From the eye examination for primary and secondary students in Ruyuan County, the detection rate of poor eyesight was 30.81%. For primary school students and middle school students are 27.10% and 43.20%, the difference is statistical significant（P〈0.01）. Along with the growth of the age, the rate of poor eyesight and the proportion of severe myopia were both obviously increasing（P〈0.005）. For students in towns and counties, the detection rate of poor eyesight are 40.90% and 19.72%, the difference was statistical significant（P〈0.01）. Univariate analysis of influence factors shows that, most student who read under the visual environment with discomfort light （too dark or too bright）, kept facing the phosphor screen more than 1 hour and watch the screen more than twice a week were checked out poor eyesight, the difference is statistical significant（P〈0.01）. CONCLUSION For Primary and Secondary students in Ruyuan County, the detection rate of poor eyesight is 30.81%, which was on a high level. The more grades students in, the poorer eyesight they have. The detection rate of poor eyesight of students study in towns was higher than that of students study in counties. The visual environment（too dark or too bright）, duration and frequency when watching the phosphor screen, were significant influences to the eyesight. To reduce the percentage of poor eyesight, provide students with a proper, rational and comfortable visual environment was one of the important ways.