农村贫困地区家庭成员受教育程度、外出状况与家庭经济发展——基于河北省燕山-太行山、黑龙港流域的调查

Education Level,Outgoing of Family Members and Family Economic Development in Impoverished Rural Areas

贫困问题尤其是农村地区的贫困问题一直是我国政府和社会关注的焦点。随着社会经济发展水平的提高和城镇化的快速发展,农村贫困地区人们受教育程度显著提高,大量劳动人口外出务工经商,以期实现个人发展和家庭脱贫致富。本文利用对河北省境内燕山-太行山、黑龙港流域两个连片贫困地区的抽样调查数据,对家庭经济发展中家庭成员受教育程度、外出务工的作用进行定量分析和研究。实证证明家庭成员受教育程度对家庭经济状况有显著影响,但是存在内生性问题;外出务工状况对家庭经济状况有重要影响,然而外出打工只是家庭增加收入的一种方式,而非家庭彻底改变贫困状态从而脱贫致富的根本有效途径。

As one of the biggest social problems of our country, population and poverty have long been the focus of society. For a long time,the adverse natural geographical environment which made the traffic conditionsbaekward, the arduous education development, the poor quality of education, together with the restricted information availableare the main causes of poverty which sticks on the families in the rural areas, especially in the poor areas of our country. Since the 21st century, the traffic levels in rural areas have improved, the connection between the rural and urban are becoming more and more closely, the level of education have been greatly improved, and more and more farmers outflow to the cities for work or business and so on;these will bring important effect to the family economy. The effects of education level and outgoing of family members on the development of family economy will be analyzed and discussed in this paper based on the sampling survey of the two impoverished contiguous areas, the Yanshan-Taihang Mountain areas and the HeiLonggang areas in Heibei province. It will show empirically that education level of family members has a significant influence to the family economic conditions but the endogenous problems exists. Seeking jobs in urban areas also has an important influence to the family which, however, is only a mean to increase family income rather than the fundamental way to get rid of poverty and become better off.