老年人的家庭和非家庭社会关系与生活满意度的关系

Relation of family and non-family social relations to life satisfaction in Chinese elderly

目的:研究家庭和非家庭社会关系对老年人生活满意度的相对贡献。方法:选取700名老年人[平均年龄(69.0±6.6)岁;有配偶547人]。采用自编社会关系调查表分别从接触频率、接受支持、提供支持和关系质量4方面,调查老年人的家庭关系(配偶和子女)和非家庭关系[朋友(含邻居和同事)和社区(含社团和政府)];采用生活满意度量表(SWLS)测查老年人的生活满意度情况。结果:老年人社会关系4方面的评分由高到低均为配偶、子女、朋友和社区。相关分析显示,配偶、子女、朋友和社区的社会关系得分均与SWLS得分呈正相关[有配偶:r=0.15、0.37、0.44、0.42;无配偶:r=0.34、0.35、0.30),均P<0.01]。回归分析表明,仅子女关系和非家庭关系对老年人的生活满意度有正向预测作用[有配偶:β=0.22、0.31,P<0.001;无配偶:β=0.25、0.19,P<0.05]。结论:本研究提示,相对于配偶关系,与子女的关系和非家庭关系与老年人的生活满意度关系更为密切。

Objective： To examine the relative contribution of family and non-family relations on life satisfaction among Chinese elderly. Methods： Participants were 700 elderly [ aged （69.0 ± 6. 6）, 547 married] from three urban districts in Beijing. A self-prepared Social Relationship Questionnaire was used to investigate the status of their family relations （ spouse and children） and non-family relations （friends and community） from 4 aspects of social relations （contact frequency, received support, provided support and quality of relation）. The Satisfaction with Life Scale （SWLS） was used to measure the status of their life satisfaction. Results： Spouse, children, friends and community hierarchically followed a descending orderon scores of 4 aspects of social relations. Correlation analyses showed that the scores of family relations （ spouse and/or children） and non-family relations （friends and community） were all positively correlated with the score of their life satisfaction in married elderly （ r = 0. 15, 0. 37, 0. 44, 0. 42） or widowed（r = 0. 34, 0. 35, 0. 30）. Further regression analysis indicated that only non-family relationsand children relations contributed significantly to life satisfaction [ Married （/3 = 0. 22, 0. 31, P 〈 0. 001）, Widowed （/3 = 0. 25, 0. 19, P 〈 0.05）]. Conclusion： Relationship with adult children plays an important part in elderly satisfac-tion with life. Meanwhile, consistent with studies of Western countries, non-family social relations has also become an important type of social relation for the elderly in China today.