吉林北部地区农田土壤重金属分布及来源解析

The Distribution and Sources of Heavy Metals in Farmland Soil of the North-central Area of Jilin Province

选取吉林省长春、公主岭、德惠、永吉、扶余五个区域为研究区,采集玉米种植区表层土样（0～20 cm）31个,应用火焰原子吸收分光光度法分析Cu、Zn、Cd、Cr的含量,并对所得结果进行统计和地统计分析。结果表明,Cu、Zn、Cd、Cr的平均含量分别为4.99±2.99,55.20±65.39,0.84±0.65,（1.99±1.27）mg/kg。变异系数59.92%～118.46%,其顺序为Zn﹥Cd﹥Cr﹥Cu。K-S检验结果证实了研究区域土壤Cu、Zn、Cd、Cr在95%置信度水平符合正态分布。土壤Cu和Cr含量低于松嫩平原黑土背景值下限,人类活动对其影响较小;扶余地区土壤Zn含量明显高于其他区域;Cd在整个研究区域土壤含量较高,且公主岭、德惠及扶余地区土壤Cd的含量明显高于长春、永吉土壤。农业施肥、交通运输、矿石冶炼等过程是其主要排放源,Cu、Cr、Zn主要来自于岩石化学风化成土过程的释放。

In order to analysis the distribution and sources of heavy metals in farmland soils of Jilin province. 31 surface soil samples（ 0-20 cm） were collected from five maize growing areas（ Changchun,Gongzhuling,Dehui,Yongji and Fuyu,respectively） in the north-central region of Jilin Province in May,2012. The contents of Cu,Zn,Cd and Cr were analyzed using flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry,and the statistical analyses and geostatistical analyses were used for the results obtained. The average contents of Cu、Zn、Cd、Cr were 4. 99 ± 2. 99,55. 20 ± 65. 39,0. 84 ± 0. 65,（ 1. 99 ± 1. 27） mg /kg,respectively. The coefficient of variation were ranging from 59. 92% to 118. 46%,and Zn ﹥Cd ﹥ Cr ﹥ Cu. K-S test proved that Cu、Zn、Cd、Cr all fit the normal distribution. The results indicated that the Cu and Cr contents in the soil were less than the lower limit value of the background in black soil and the impact of human activities was relatively low. The Zn content in Fuyu soil was relatively higher than the other region soils. Cd content in the soil of the entire area in this study was higher,and the Cd content in the soil of Gongzhuling,Dehui and Fuyu were significantly higher than that in Changchun and Yongji soil. In addition,agricultural fertilizer,transportation and the ore smelting process were the main source of emissions of Cd,and the releases of Cu,Cr,Zn were mainly from the rock weathering. The advantage of the atomic absorption spectroscopic to measurements the content of the heavy metal is fast,and the conclusions can provide the basis for measuring the area of soil.