中国北方城市和农村居民自杀态度的调查

A survey of the suicide attitude among urban and rural residents in northern China

目的:调查中国北方城市和农村居民的自杀态度。方法:分层随机取样抽取北京市区10个居委会及河北武安10个村庄≥18岁社区居民进行公众对自杀的态度量表调查;分析和比较城乡居民的自杀态度及相关影响因素。结果:共1 007人(城市503人,农村504人)完成调查,肯定考虑自杀排在前5位城市居民依次为吸毒成瘾(11.9%)、患不治之症(11.3%)、是别人的累赘且未来没有希望(10.9%)、因赌博而大量负债(8.7%)、被强奸或被强暴(5.2%);农村居民为患不治之症(15.1%)、吸毒成瘾(12.7%)、被强奸或被强暴(11.9%)、是别人的累赘且未来没有希望(9.9%)、年老无人赡养(8.1%)。城市居民在遭遇生意失败、严重抑郁或忧郁时更多的人可能考虑自杀;农村居民遭遇恋爱被干涉、被强奸或被强暴、年老无人赡养时更多的人可能考虑自杀。不同年龄、文化程度的城乡居民对量表中各种特殊境遇时考虑自杀的可能性差异有统计学意义。结论:城乡居民面对不同负性生活事件时自杀态度有所不同;建立针对性的干预措施,以有效降低自杀率。

Objective： To investigate the suicide attitude among urban and rural residents samples in northern China. Method： By randomly sampling,persons aged ≥18 years were selected from 10 urban neighborhoods in Beijing and from 10 rural villages in wuan in Hebei province. The survey schedule of suicide attitudes was asked to the subjects when they encountered the supposed events. The differences were compared between urban and rural residents,and the relevant factors were analysed. Results： A total of 1 007 people（ 503 urban,504 rural） completed the survey. Among the top five events contributing to suicide in urban residents in the order were drug dependence（ 11. 9%）,incurable illness（ 11. 3%）,encumberance to others and hopelessness（ 10. 9%）,large debt due to gambling（ 8. 7%） and being raped（ 5. 2%）; in rural residents were incurable illness（ 15. 1%）,drug dependence（ 12. 7%）,being raped（ 11. 9%）,encumberance to others and hopelessness（ 9. 9%） and no life support at elder age（ 8. 1%）. More people might consider suicide in the event of business failure,depression in urban residents,while encounter love being interfered,being raped,no life support at elder age in rural residents. The suicide possibility showed difference significantly in different age and education level for the various special circumstances in the scale. Conclusion： The suicide attitude in urban and rural residents is different when face to different negative life events. Corresponding intervention should be conducted to effectively reduce the suicide rate.