初产妇253例中医体质辨识及母乳喂养分析研究

Study on Chinese Medicine Constitution and Breast Feeding of 253 Cases of Primipara

目的:对初产妇进行中医体质辨识及对母乳喂养情况进行分析,以便于有针对性实施中医护理健康教育。方法:观察对象为本院分娩的初产妇共253例,应用《中医体质调查量表》进行体质调查,以明确其体质类型。结果:体质以平和质和气虚质最为常见,其分布频率由高到低依次为:气虚质60例(23.71%)、平和质52例(20.55%)、气郁质45例(17.79%)、瘀血质21例(8.30%)、痰湿质20例(7.90%)、阴虚质19例(7.50%)、阳虚质18例(7.11%)、湿热质16例(6.32%)、特禀质2例(0.79%)。平和质的初产妇产后72 h开始母乳喂养率及产后4周母乳喂养率均高于其他体质类型;气虚质、气郁质、瘀血质、痰湿质、湿热质产妇4周母乳喂养率下降显著(P<0.05)。结论:结合深圳本地的特殊人群分布,产后体质大致以平和质、偏血瘀、气血虚、气郁质主,指导初产妇进行体质调治及母乳喂养,有一定的临床意义。

Objective： To study the composition of Chinese medicine（CM） constitution and breast feeding of primipara for implementation of CM nursing health education. Methods： The physical types of 253 cases of primipara were classified by the methods on Chinese Medicine Constitution Classification Scale. Results： The most common types of the CM constitution of primipara were normal constitution and Qi-deficiency constitution, the frequency from high to low being 60 cases of Qi-deficiency constitution（23.71% ）, 52 cases of normal constitution（20.55% ）, 45 cases of Qi-stagnation constitution （17,79%）, 21 cases of Blood-stasis constitution（8.30%）, 20 cases of Phlegm-dampness constitution（7.90%）, 19 cases of Yin-deficiency（7.50%）and 18 cases of Yang-deficiency（7.11%）, 16 cases of Damp-heat constitution（6.32%）, and 2 cases of Special- intrinsic constitution（0.79%）. The breast feeding rate of 72-hours or 4-weeks after delivery of normal constitution were higher than other constitution. The breast feeding rate of 4-weeks after delivery of Qi-deficiency, Qi-stagnation, Blood-stasis, Phlegm-dampness constitution, and Damp-heat constitution was decreased （P 〈0.05 compared with those before）. Conclusion： According to the crowd character of Shenzhen , the most common types of the CM constitution of primipara were normal constitution and @-deficiency, Qi-stagnation, Blood-stasis constitution. It is meaningful for constitutional adjustment and treatment and breast feeding.