清前期政府海外贸易政策的调整与影响——以清代闽西四堡邹姓族商为视角

Modification and Influence of Foreign Trade Policy in Early Qing Dynasty

四堡族商是清代闽省客籍商帮。四堡族商东南亚一带的经商创业活动全部是在清前期康乾时期的17世纪后期至18世纪中叶,这一时期四堡族商纷纷涉海拓展东南亚一带商务主要得益于清政府的开海政策。清政府的开海政策进一步激发了四堡族商在海上丝绸之路上参与国际竞争的创业热情。其中,作为四堡族商经商巴城之杰出代表的邹鸣盛跨越了清王朝海上对外贸易政策由开海到禁海转向的转折时期,其商海命运也由此起伏沉浮。邹鸣盛商海纵横前后阶段结局的巨大反差,反映了清政府由开海到禁海政策走向下,海上对外贸易领域民间资本活力注定要被扼杀,曾纵横其间的广大民间商人必然走向衰落,甚至破产之命运。

The family business in Sibao used to be a Hakka business group in Fujian in the Qing Dynasty. All the businesses in Southeast Asia conducted by Sibao family businessmen were in Kangxi and Qianlong Periods of the early Qing Dynasty （ late 17^th C.--mid 18^th C. ）, during which their overseas businessmen benefited from the open-sea policy by the Qing Dynasty. The open-sea policy by the Qing Dynasty further promoted the enthusiasm of Sibao family businessmen to compete internationally on the marine Silk Road. Zou Mingsheng was one of the outstanding figures in Sibao family businessmen, whose businesses had ever experienced ups and downs, reflecting the policy changes in the Qing Dynasty.