制度支持与水土流失治理——基于龙岩水土流失治理实践的分析

System Support and Management of Soil Erosion——an Analysis on Management Practice in Longyan

制度错失使人类利用土地方式不合理是造成水土流失的重要原因。龙岩市水土流失的治理实践表明,新中国成立尤其是改革开放以来,中央政府对农业基础地位的重视使水土流失治理获得最大的政策支持,市场经济的发展诱使一系列有效率的制度得以供给,适当而及时的制度、机制创新保证了政府、企业与农户多方力量在这种激励与约束下实现了社会目标与群体目标、个人目标的统一,进而共同参与了治理过程;合意的制度不仅决定着参与治理的新的组织和带头人物的出现,合意的制度还决定着技术进步收益,进而决定技术进步的方向、强度与速度,通过适当的制度安排引导科学家参与水土治理是保证技术进步持续进行的重要方面。

The system error is the main cause in soil erosion, which casts a negative impact on economic development and people＇s income increase in Longyan. Since the founding of new China, especially since the reform and opening, the Central Government has been emphasizing the importance of agriculture as the foundation of the economic supply. Acceptable systems can push the technical advances and determine the direction, strength and speed of technological progress. Appropriate institutional arrangement for the scientists to involve in soil management is to ensure the most important ongoing technological progress.