1994—2012年中山市综合城市化水平测度及其发展过程分析

The Comprehensive Urbanization Level Evaluation and its Development Process of Zhongshan City fro 1994 to 2012

我国在2014年3月16日正式发布《新型城镇化发展规划（2014—2020年）》，该规划指出，随着我国城市化水平的提高，城市化由速度型向质量型城市化发展将成为必然，因此综合城市化水平测度将成为热点研究课题。本文以中山市为研究对象，依据城市化的内涵，从人口、经济、景观、社会四个方面构建综合评价体系对中山市1994—2012年的综合城市化发展水平进行测度，并对其变化过程进行分析。通过横向对比分析，本文发现，相对于一线特大城市而言，中山市在人口规模、土地效益、城市景观等指标上的发展水平还有很大的差距，需要进一步提升；同时中山市的社会城市化水平高于一线特大城市的平均水平也说明中等城市的发展在居民生活保障和城市生活水平上有一定的优势，适当鼓励发展中等城市，是降低发展成本，促进人民生活品质提升的有效途径。对中山市的综合城市化进程的历史分析发现，中山市的综合城市化发展存在明显的阶段性，1994—2004年处于平稳发展阶段，各子系统平衡发展，2004—2012年为中山市社会城市化水平急剧增长，经济城市化水平快速增长，土地和人口城市化稳步增长阶段。

On March 16 in 2014, China officially released the new urbanization development plan （2014--2020）. According to this plan, the urbanization type in China will be inevitably transformed from speed-oriented to quality-oriented, thus the evaluation of comprehensive urbanization level will be a hot research topic. According to the connotation of urbanization, this paper provides a comprehensive evaluation system based on population, economy, landscape and society. This system is applied to estimate the comprehensive urbanization development level of Zhongshan City from 1994 to 2012, and also to analyze the process of comprehensive urbanization. With horizontal comparative analysis, it is found that compared to megacities such as Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou or Shenzhen, Zhongshan City＇s index of population, land benefit, landscape is relatively low and should be further improved; but Zhongshan City＇s social urbanization level is higher than the average level of megacities. It indicates thatthe development of medium-sized city has certain advantages in improving residents＇ living standard. Thus appropriate encouragement of medium-sized city development is an effective way to reduce development cost and promote the quality of life. The historical analysis of Zhongshan City＇s comprehensive urbanization shows that the development from 1994 to 2012 can be divide into two period： 1994 to 2004 is a steady develop stage, with a balanced development of each subsystem; in 2004 to 2012, the social urbanization level sharply increased with a rapid economic rapidly growth, meanwhile, land and population urbanization also steady developed.