有限元方法在波形弹片设计中的研究与应用

Research and application of finite element method in the design of wave spring

波形弹片是电机减振的重要部件之一,理想的波形弹片可以大大减少电机正常运转过程中的振动,延长电机的寿命.为设计出满足规格的波形弹片,利用有限元分析方法对波形弹片的受压过程进行分析,研究弹片有限元分析所得到的载荷—挠度曲线,发现3个比较明显的拐点,再将这些拐点与对应弹片压缩情况下的应力图以及理论公式联系起来分析,找出拐点产生的原因.并将所得到的载荷—挠度曲线与客户所提供的规格进行对比,然后根据曲线对比产生的差异以及有限元分析曲线的特点,再按理论公式有针对性地修改模型几何参数,对新模型再次进行有限元分析,直至修改的模型计算结果比较理想为止.最后将该理想模型有限元分析的载荷—挠度曲线与试验测试所得的载荷—挠度曲线进行对比,发现两者吻合非常好.这证明了有限元分析方法在波形弹片设计中的可靠性.

Wave spring is one of the most important parts in the motor for vibration reduction . Perfect wave spring can substantially reduce the vibration of the normal running motor which ex‐tends the life of the motor .In order to design the wave spring which met the specifications from customer ,finite element analysis method was used to simulate the wave spring pressure process . The characteristic of load‐deflection curve was studied and three obvious inflection points were found .The relationship between these three inflection points and the stress diagram and theoreti‐cal formula of corresponding compressed wave spring was studied to find out the reason of why inflection points appeared in the load‐deflection curve and modified the geometry parameters of wave spring according to the differences between the load‐deflection curve and customer＇s specifi‐cations .Finite element analysis would be carried out again according to the new model until the load‐deflection curve fitted the customer＇s specifications .At last ,the load‐deflection curve of the last model was compared with curve generated by test to identify the reliability of finite element analysis method in the design of wave spring .The experimental results matched very well with the finite element analysis load‐deflection curve w hich proved the effectiveness of the finite ele‐ment analysis method in the design of w ave spring .