3Campbell J. Y, Mankiw G. N. The response of consumption to income : a cross - country investigation [ J ]. European Economic Re- view, 1991, (35) : 723 -767.
4Jappelli T. , Pagano M. Consumption function and capital mar- ket imperfections: an international comparison [ J ]. American Economic Review, 1989, (79) : 11)88 - 1105.
5Skinner J. Risky income, life cycle consumption, and precau- tionary savings [J]. Journal of Monetary Economics, 1988, (22) : 237 - 255.
6Wilson B K. The aggregate existence of precautionary saving: Time series evidence from expenditures on non - durable and durable goods [J]. Journal of Macroeconomics, 1998, 20(2): 309- 323.