铅锌矿周边土壤重金属污染特征综述

Reviews on the Characteristics of Heavy Metals Pollution to Areas around Lead/Zinc Mines

铅锌矿的采选为我国带来巨大经济收益的同时,由于技术、管理等原因,部分矿山周边土壤环境遭受重金属污染,危害人体健康。本文通过分析铅锌矿采矿工艺流程中重金属污染可能产生的环节,并在探讨重金属以酸性废水、尾矿、大气沉降三个主要途径污染周边土壤主要机理的基础上,综述了铅锌矿周边土壤重金属污染元素种类,水平分布、剖面分布特征及其影响因素等污染特征。最后,就目前铅锌矿周边土壤重金属污染特征研究进行展望,认为应加强重金属污染源头治理、重金属在不同环境介质中迁移转化行为的研究,以及推广环境地理信息系统等计算机软件在细化铅锌矿山周边重金属空间分布特征的应用,为开展铅锌矿区周边重金属污染农田土壤环境保护与综合治理提供参考。

Lead/Zinc Mining bring huge economic benefits to our country, but it also cause heavy metal pollution with poor technology, management,which undoubtedly do great harms to human＇s health.The study reviewed some advances of the research on the characteristics of heavy metals pollution to areas around lead/zinc mines in the world on the basis of analysis of lead-zinc mine mining process flow that pollution may produce. Meanwhile,the mechanisms of heavy metal polluting the soil around lead/Zinc mines through acidic waste water, tailings, atmospheric deposition have been summarized. Furthermore, the main elements, the horizontal distribution, profile distribution of heavy metals pollution to areas around lead/zinc mines have been summarized, reviewed and briefly discussed. Finally, in this paper, the current researches on the characteristics of heavy metal pollution surrounding lead-zinc mine were discussed. The author thinks that the researches on heavy metals behavior in different media, the application of GIS in refined the spatial distribution characteristics of heavy metals surrounding lead-zinc mine should be promoted in order to propose some constructive reference for choosing remediation technology and carry out comprehensive treatment to the pollution areas.