中国海岸带地质环境与灾害地质

Geological Environment and Hazard Geology in Coastal Zone of China

海岸带是人类活动影响极为突出的地区,也是全球变化响应敏感区域和生态环境的脆弱带,对于人类社会和经济发展至关重要。海岸带灾害地质类型复杂多样,我国海岸带发育的灾害地质类型主要有地震、滑坡、海岸侵蚀、海水入侵,海平面上升、港口航道淤积、地面下沉、浅层气、滨海湿地退化、盐渍化土地、埋藏古河道和埋藏三角洲等。利用先进的计算机技术,综合分析各种资料,建立评价模型,并借助地理信息系统软件,综合评价海洋地质环境质量,预测其发展趋势。海岸带灾害地质影响着海岸带地区的社会、经济和环境。中国沿海的许多区域,尤其是三角洲区域,对海洋灾害地质极其敏感和脆弱。为了减轻海洋地质灾害造成的损失,充分利用海洋地质环境,必须做到科学规划、提高研究水平、建设预警系统、增强防灾减灾意识。

The coastal zone where is affected by human activities very prominent, in response to global change sensitive is important to social and economic development,with vulnerable ecological environment. There are diverse types of hazard geology in coastal line. There are earthquakes, landslides, coastal erosion, saltwater intrusion, sea level rise, the port channel siltation, ground subsidence, shallow gas, coastal wetlands degradation, salinization land, buried paleo-channel, buried palaeo-delta and so on. The coastal zone geological environment can be evaluated and predicted by the use of advanced computer technology, all data comprehensive analyzed, the evaluation model established and GIS software. The social, economic and environmental was affected in coastal zone by geological disasters. It is extremely sensitive and fragile in many of China＇s coastal regions, especially the Delta region. In order to reduce the loss of marine geological disasters and make full use of geological environment,scientific planning and the construction of early warning systems must be done,the level of research must be improved,,and awareness of disaster prevention and mitigation must be enhanced.