完善民族就业优惠制度的法律对策

The Law Countermeasures to the System of Perfecting Ethnic Employment Preferential Priority

在世界多民族国家,就业歧视是形成民族利益分歧的重要因素,制度性就业歧视、个体性就业歧视、结构性就业歧视是民族身份就业歧视的三种表现形式。民族身份就业歧视形成于竞争性的就业市场中,难以通过经济发展和市场机制来消除,只能通过反歧视法律制度加以规制。以宪法民族平等原则消除制度性歧视,以反歧视部门法规范个体性歧视,以民族就业优惠制度矫正社会结构性歧视,是世界上现代多民族国家保障就业平等的主要法治经验。当前,我国正处于巩固和发展平等团结互助和谐的社会主义民族关系的关键历史时期,应当抓住国民经济快速健康发展和加快建设社会主义法治国家的有利历史机遇,通过完善禁止歧视与优惠照顾相结合的法律平等保障机制,增强各族群众参与和分享社会发展成果的能力。

In modern multi-ethnic society, employment discrimination is the significant aspect of emerging eth- nic conflict of interest. Institutional, individual and structural employment discriminations are three types of employ- ment discrimination against ethnic identity. This discrimination, which stems from competitive employment market, is hard to eliminate by economic development and market mechanism. It can be only regulated by implementing anti- discrimination laws. There are advanced experience in protecting equal employment in multi-national countries and they include using constitutional principle of ethnic equality to eliminate the institutional discrimination, using anti- discrimination departmental law to regulate individual discrimination and ethnic preferential priority to correct struc- tural discrimination. Currently, China is in the key historical period of consolidation and development of socialist na- tional relations based on equality, unity, mutual aid and harmony. We should improve equal protection mechanism combining anti-discrimination with preferential priority and strengthen minorities＇ capacity of participation during this crucial period which provides the beneficial chance to rapid and sound development of the national economy and the construction of socialist country under the rule of law.