湖北省耕地利用效率时空分异及农业劳动力的差别化调控

Spatial and Temporal Variability in Efficiency of Arable Land Usage and Differentiated Regulation of Agricultural Workforce in Hubei Province

选择耕地利用的投入产出指标集构建数据包络分析模型，在评价各决策评价单元（decision making unit，DMU）有效性的基础上，以固定产出最小化投入为优化原则探寻表现无效的各DMU的优化空间，分析其劳动力投入是否存在冗余及区域差异，并使用投入指标集调整方法验证以上对于劳动力投入冗余的分析结论，以此提供农业劳动力的区域差别化调控对策．以湖北省为例，评价1987~2012年期间各县级单元的耕地利用效率及其时空分异特征．研究结果表明，80％的区域均存在不同程度的劳动力投入冗余，其中鄂西山区和鄂东南丘陵地区的冗余率最高；2007年后，随着农业劳动力的持续转移，江汉平原和鄂东北大别山区的劳动力投入对耕地利用效率的影响程度变大，劳动力投入冗余状况有所缓解．因此，有必要采取或加速农业劳动力转移或稳固农业劳动力的对策来应对提升区域耕地利用效率的不同需求．

This paper provides recommendation to decision makers for the regional policy of differentiated agricultural workforce by analyzing the level of local workforce redun- dancy. A data envelopment analysis （DEA） model is used to study efficiency of arable land usage, the situation of labor redundancy, and the influence of labor redundancy on the arable land usage efficiency in Hubei Province between 1987 and 2012. Spatial-temporal distribution of the above factors are investigated. The results indicate that, from 1987 to 2007, the laborforce has little impact on the arable land usage. Labor redundancy of different degrees existed in 80% of counties, among which the west and southeast regions were the highest. The situation was improved in the Jianghan Plain and northeast Hubei with sustainable transfer of the agricultural workforce from 2007 to 2012. It is therefore concluded that targeted policy should be taken either to accelerate laborforce transfer or to secure the agricultural workforce according to the local degree of redundancy.