土地要素对中国城市经济增长的贡献分析

Study on Contribution of Land Element to Urban Economic Growth in China

在经济快速发展与城市化进程不断推进的背景下,将土地要素纳入经济增长模型,研究城市建设用地对二三产业增长的贡献,探索城市土地要素的产出弹性是否具有空间相关性及空间溢出效应具有较强的现实意义。鉴于已有研究大多利用省级面板数据,本文基于C-D生产函数,构建中国285个地级市2003-2012年的空间面板数据模型,分析城市建设用地投入对全国以及东、中、西三大区域经济增长的贡献。研究表明:1土地要素投入与城市经济增长具有显著的空间相关性,显著的Moran指数说明二者在空间上呈现集聚状态,空间计量模型估计结果显示土地要素不仅对本地区经济增长起到促进作用,而且不同程度地影响周边城市的经济发展,即存在一定的空间溢出效应。2土地要素对我国城市的经济增长具有促进作用,但贡献程度小于劳动力与资本,贡献率分别为3.46%、58.07%和11.39%,说明我国城市的经济增长较多依赖劳动力和资本投资,土地要素虽具有不可取代之处但贡献程度相对较小;3由于我国不同区域处在不同经济发展阶段,土地要素对区域经济增长的贡献程度也不同,表现在中部地区最高(10.79%),西部次之(4.28%),东部最低(2.17%)。此外,土地要素贡献的溢出效应随着区域不同而相异,全国范围以及东部地区和西部地区表现为正向溢出,中部地区表示为负向溢出。鉴于土地要素对不同区域的贡献程度及溢出效应不同,提出具有针对性的对策建议使城市建设用地对我国不同类型城市经济增长的贡献达到最佳效果。

As the rapid development of economy and urbanization, it is practically significant to address three primary issues. These issues are incorporating land element into the economic growth model, studying the contributions of urban construction land to the secondary and tertiary industries, and exploring the spatial correlation and spatial spillover of urban land element. The most of current studies used provincial panel data, but this paper constructed spatial panel data model of 285 cities at the prefecture level during 2003- 2012, and analyzed the contribution of urban construction land to the economic growth of different regions and the whole country, based on C-D production function. Research results showed that ： （1） The investment of land element and the economic growth of cities had significant spatial correlation, and Moran index showed that both of them present a state of agglomeration in space. Spatial econometric model estimation results indicated that construction land not only promoted the economic growth in local areas, but also disproportionately affected the economic development in surrounding cities. In this regard, it was evident that there was a certain spatial spillover effect. （2） The land element had a promoting effect on urban economic growth. The degree of its contribution was 3.46%, but much less than those of labor and capital, which were 58.07% and 11.39%, respectively. This figure demonstrated that urban economic growth was more dependent on labor and capital investment. Although land element could not be replaced, its contribution degree was relatively small. （3） Due to the fact that different regions of China were in different stages of economic development, the contribution degree of land element to regional economic growth also differed： the Central area being the highest （ 10.79% ）, the Western being secondary （4.28%）, and the East being the lowest （2. 17% ）. In addition, the spillover effect of land element contribution also varies along with regions. The nationwide, eastern and western regions showed positive spillover, while the central region showed negative one. Considering the differences of land element contribution degree and spillover effect, the paper proposed targeted suggestions to optimize the positive effect which urban construction land has on the economic growth of different types of cities.