涂尔干财产权演化的思想

The Thoughts of Property Rights Evolution of Durkheim

论文主要梳理了涂尔干的财产权思想。涂尔干对以洛克为代表的劳动说进行了质疑,吸收了卢梭的"需求说";分析了康德的"占有说",既批判又有所继承。其认为财产的被占有物与宗教信仰中的圣物的神圣性之间有共同点。通过分析土地这一原始的财产形式,验证了这一观念。神不过是物化的集体力,人们对神的敬畏,实际是对集体、社会的敬畏。圣物的神圣性来源于神的特性,所以被占有物(财产)起源于社会。接着涂尔干探讨了财产从集体所有到个人所有的原因,认为父权制的出现和动产领域的发展促成了财产的这一演化。最后,将涂尔干财产权思想与摩尔根财产思想进行了简单对比,在比较中理解财产权的演化。

This paper mainly focuses on the thoughts of property rights of Durkheim. Durkheim questioned the labor theory of John Locke,absorbed Jacques Rousseau＇s needs theory,and analyzed Immanuel Kan＇s possession theory.He held the idea that there are common points between the possession of property and halidom of religion. According to analyze land,the original property form,he tested his thoughts. Spirit is a group force. Whenever people fear and respect the spirit,it means they fear and respect the society. The sanctity of halidom comes from the spirit. So the possession stems from society. Durkheim discussed the reason of property from group to personal. The emergence of patriarchy and development of movable property contribute to this evolution. At last,this paper compares Durkheim＇s thoughts to Morgan＇s property thoughts,so as to understand deeply about property rights evolution.