森林生态补偿法律制度的理论基础

The Theoretical Basis of Forest's Ecological Compensation Legal System

中国学者对森林生态补偿制度的理论基础进行了初步探讨,但这些初步探讨的解释力不足。公益林和商品林的功能不同,决定了二者的法律属性不同,法律属性的不同决定了商品林生态补偿制度和公益林生态补偿制度有不同的理论基础。商品林生态补偿制度的理论基础是权利与义务相平衡的法理。公益林生态补偿制度的理论基础根据环境共同体理论进行解释,比外部性理论、"生存权、发展权与环境权协调发展的需要"以及"特别牺牲理论"更具科学性。

Chinese scholars have gone into the preliminary inquiry into the theoretical basis of on forest ecological compensation system,but explanatory power of these inquiries is not enough. The different legal attributes decided by the different function of commodity forest and public interest forest determine the different theoretical foundations as to ecological compensation system of commodity forest and of public interest forest. The theoretical foundation of ecological compensation system of commodity forest is the legal principle as to balance of legal right and obligation.The theoretical foundation of ecological compensation system of public interest forest is explained by the environmental community theory,which is more scientific than the externality theory, ＂ the coordinated development of right to survival and environment right＂ and ＂ the theory of special sacrifice＂.