铜冶炼白烟灰选择性浸出新工艺研究

Study on New Process of Copper Smelting ESP Dust with Selective Leaching

针对传统的火法处理工艺能耗大、工作环境差，酸浸工艺存在剧毒气体砷化氢溢出、浸出渣压滤困难、金属分离率低等缺点，提出了采用选择性浸出体系处理铜冶炼白烟灰的新工艺．通过考察浸出温度、浸出剂浓度、液固比、氧化速率等因素对有价金属浸出率的影响，最佳浸出条件为：浸出剂浓度为10％、氧气速率为0.6 m3／min、液固比为4∶1、温度为45-50℃、时间为6 h，在此最佳工艺条件下，烟灰中铜、锌的浸出率达到85.6％、95.2％以上，其它金属几乎不浸出，杜绝了砷化氢气体的溢出隐患，消除了铁、铋、锑等有害金属浸出对萃取体系的危害，并提出了后续处理工艺技术路线．

The traditional pyrometallurgy has such shortcomings as high energy consumption,bad environment in process,overflow of toxic gas arsine,leaching residue filter difficultly,and low metal separation rate.A new process using the selective leaching processing system for ESP dust in the copper smelting is thus proposed.The influences of the leaching temperature,agent concentration,liquid -solid ratio and the oxidation rate on the leaching rate of valuable metals are then studied.The optimum leaching conditions are determined as follows：leaching agent concentration is 10%,the rate of oxygen 0.6m3 /min,liquid to solid ratio 4∶l,temperature from 45 to 50 ℃ and time 6h.Under the optimum conditions,the leaching rate of copper and zinc for the ESP dust reaches more than 85.6% and 95.2%.Almost no other metal is leached.The hidden trouble of arsine gas over-flow is eliminated.The damage of iron,bismuth and antimony and other harmful metal leaching on extraction system is also avoided.The follow -up processing technology is finally put forward.