德国研究生教育的产生及其成功因素探析

Analysis on the Factors of the Foundation and Success of Germany Graduate Education

19世纪以秉承洪堡"学术自由"以及"教学与科研相统一"大学理念而创建的柏林大学为代表的德国大学,其研究生教育采取师徒授受制的教育模式,重视在教授指导下培养学生独立科研探索的能力。德国大学重科学尚学术,通过设立讲座制、研究所以及采取习明纳独特的教学方法等多种方式给予教师和学生极大的教学和学习自由。制度上的保障和宽松的教学氛围使德国研究生教育取得了重大成功,不仅带来了德国科学上的成就和经济的繁荣,也对其他国家的研究生教育产生了重大的积极影响。

In 19 th century,the foundation of Berlin University promoted the creation of the modern graduate education. It carried on the educational university of Wilhelm Von Humboldt＇s,which advocated the freedom of academic,and the combination of teaching and research. The graduate education in Germany adopts the teaching model of mentoring,which attaches great importance to students＇ ability of research. Universities in Germany think highly of academic research,they provide teachers and students great freedom of teaching and learning through setting up lectures system lectures system,research institute and so on. The security of system and the free atmosphere contribute to the success of Germany graduate education. The success not only brought the prosperity of science and economy of Germany,but also played an important role in the development of graduate education all over the world.