古希腊城邦的特征:中国学界的认识及转变

Defining the Greek Polis: Contributions of Chinese Scholars

城邦是古典文明研究中的热点问题,国内学术界研究者云集,提出了众多有影响的看法,涉及城邦的本质特征、城邦的组成形式以及城邦的经济特征等问题,有关的认识也经历了从最初的一致认同到产生争议,再到重新走向相对一致的过程。古希腊城邦的本质特征是公民集体,城市是城邦的组成部分,城市国家是城邦的一种组织形态。在判断城邦经济特征时,古希腊城邦是以农业经济为本还是以工商业经济为本,应当按照不同历史时期和不同城邦加以区分。

Polis is not identical with city states. The intrinsic characteristic of the polis is that it is a community of citizens. Only a polis with a city as its centre is a city state. City state is only one type of the polis. When we define the economical characteristics of a polis,we should define it according to the times and the type of the polis.