塞拉利昂埃博拉留观中心的管理模式分析

Analysis of the management pattern for Ebola holding center in Sierra Leone

2014年5月首例埃博拉病毒病(EVD)患者在塞国首都弗里敦被确诊,随后EVD疫情迅速在该国蔓延。负责患者隔离、诊断的EVD留观中心成为塞国抗击埃博拉疫情最前沿的重要医疗机构。疫情暴发期间,塞国政府在联合国、世界卫生组织(WHO)等国际社会的帮助下,因地制宜地先后建立了22个EVD留观中心,通过成立宏观的管控体系和管理机构、组织专人协调各中心管理事宜、制定塞国埃博拉留观中心的操作管理规程(SOP),颁布统一的数质量考核指标和质量管理标准,实时采集核准临床数据、召开固定例会,使不同背景、构造和管理模式的EVD留观中心在塞国埃博拉疫情暴发期间实现了统一指挥、协调管理、相互配合,为成功控制塞国埃博拉疫情发挥了重要作用。塞国政府及国际组织在这次抗击埃博拉疫情的战役中,在EVD留观中心的建设、协调运作和临床管理等方面积累了宝贵的经验,为今后类似疫情暴发提供了可借鉴的资料。

After the ifrst patient with Ebola virus diseases （EVD） was conifrmed in Freetown, capital of Sierra Leone on May 25th, 2014, the Ebola outbreak had spreaded national wide rapidly. The Ebola holding centers （EHC） responsible for suspected patients isolation, screening, diagnosing and caring became the pivotal frontline facilities to ifght against Ebola outbreak in West Africa. During the Ebola outbreak period, with the help of United Nations, World Health Organization （WHO） and other international organizations, the government of Sierra Leone （GoSL） had established 22 EHCs with various forms according to local circumstances successively. Through setting up macro managing organization and mechanism, formulating EHC standard operation procedure, issuing uniifed quality control standard and evaluation indexes, collecting timely clinical data and holding regular meeting, GoSL implemented the unity command, coordinated management among all EHCs, leaded them interacted with each other and other assisting agencies well, which played the most important role in the outbreak containment. The experience and knowledge including EHC building, coordination operation and clinical management that GoSL obtained during this mission were of great value for the prevention and control of similar emerging infectious disease outbreaks in the future.