氟碳-碳氢表面活性剂复配及其灭火性能

Mixed System of Fluorocarbon-Hydrocarbon Surfactants and Its Fire Extinguishing Performance

氟碳-碳氢表面活性剂复配溶液的泡沫性能和铺展性能对水成膜泡沫灭火剂(AFFF)的灭火能力起决定性作用。选取一种较短碳链氟表面活性剂C1157,对其与十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)和烷基多糖苷(APG0814)复配溶液的泡沫性能和铺展性能进行研究。研究表明:C1157与SDS复配后的溶液具有良好的发泡性能,与APG0814复配后的溶液具有较长的泡沫半衰期和良好铺展性能。将这3种表面活性剂按0.3%(质量分数,下同)C1157+0.1%SDS+0.6%APG0814复配,可获得一种兼具良好泡沫性和铺展性的溶液;将其应用在扑灭实验室小规模油火中,与市售AFFF比较,灭火时间从12.4s缩短至6.7s。复配溶液起泡高度、泡沫半衰期及铺展时间均优于市售AFFF。

The foaming and spreading properties of flurocarbon-hydrocarbon mixed surfactant are crucial to the fire extinguishing performance of AFFF. In this paper, a fluorocarbon surfactant with a relatively short carbon chain Cl157 was chosen to study the foaming and spreading properties of its mixtures with SDS and APG0814. The results showed that the mixture of Cl157 and SDS had satisfied foaming property, the mixture of Cl157 and APG0814 had long half-life of foam and good spreading properties, while the mixture of the three surfactants with the mass fraction of 0.3%1157＋0. 1%SDS＋ 0.6 % APG0814 obtained a solution with both satisfied foaming and spreading properties. Compared to the commercial available AFFF, time to extinguish small-scale oil fire reduced from 12.4 s to 6.7 s.