中德高等教育重点建设比较:背景、方式与遴选

A Comparative Study of “Excellence in Higher Education”Initiatives in Both China and Germany

从建设背景、建设方式和遴选机制等三个方面比较中国与德国高等教育重点建设的异同,可以发现,中国长期实行重点建设政策,德国放弃平等制;中国主要以学校为单位进行建设,德国采取学校与学科相结合的建设方式;中国以政府为主导,遴选标准和程序不够公开透明,德国由第三方机构评选,遴选标准和程序明确。建议我国继续坚持重点建设,建立分层合理的高等教育体系;学校与学科相结合,形成特色和优势;行政与学术相结合,建立公开透明的遴选标准和程序。

The present paper is to analyze the differences and similarities between 'excellence in higher education'initiatives both in China and Germany. Firstly,preferential policies for top universities have been a'matter of fact'in China,while Germany just started changing in recent years from egalitarianism to elitism. Secondly,excellence initiatives in China target the institution as a whole,while German ones aim at promoting the development of both the institution and specific academic subjects. It is suggested that China should maintain its differential funding policies and establish a properly stratified higher education system. On the other hand,it is also necessary for China to balance the development of both higher education institutions as well as specific academic subjects,and establish open,fair and transparent selection criteria and procedures for those initiatives.