儋州市5岁以下儿童乙肝表面抗原携带率调查

A Study on HBsAg Carrier Rate of Children under Age Five in Danzhou City

目的：了解儋州市在实施乙肝疫苗计划免疫后儿童乙肝表面抗原携带状态,为制定乙肝疫苗接种策略提供科学依据。方法：采取分层抽样和机械抽样方法抽样,调查2008年1月1日~2012年12月31日出生儿童乙肝疫苗免疫史,采集被调查儿童静脉血3mL,用ELISA法检测儿童HBsAg携带状况。结果：全市调查儿童250名,城镇、农村新生儿24小时出生乙肝疫苗及时接种率分别为97.6%和93.6%,乙肝三针全程接种率100%,只有2名儿童（农村）乙肝表面抗原携带阳性,阳性携带率0.8%,乙肝表面抗原携带率控制在1%以下。2名乙肝表面抗原携带阳性儿童（农村）,经对其家庭进行流行病学调查,其母亲均为乙肝表面携带者,考虑为母婴传播。结论：大力开展乙肝防治知识的宣传,提高新生儿乙肝疫苗24小时首针及时率,规范儿童乙肝疫苗三针全程合格接种率,采取有效措施,提高母婴传播阻断率,是可以降低儿童乙肝表面抗原携带率的。

Objective： To learn the state of HBsAg carrier after implementating vaccine hepatitis B immunization pro- gram for children in Danzhou, and providing a scientific basis for the development of the hepatitis B vaccination strategies. Methods： A combination of stratified sampling and mechanical sampling method was carried out, we surveyed vaccine immuni- zation history with hepatitis B in these children who were born from January 1, 2008 to December 31, 2012, then collected blood 3ML and detected HBsAg carrier status by ELISA from these surveyed children. Results= 250 children were included in the survey, the 24 hours of birth Hepatitis B vaccine coverage rate in urban, rural newborns was 97.6% and 93.6%, respec- tively, hepatitis B vaccine three-pin vaccination rate for the whole vaccination course were 100%, only two children from rural HBsAg carrier was positive, and their positive carrier rate was 0.80//00, below 1%. Two HBsAg-positive carrier children from rural area and their families were under epidemiological investigation, with discovery that their mothers were carriers of HB- sAg, considered as mother to child transmission. Conclusions： Strengthen propaganda prevention to expand knowledge of Hep- atitis B and to improve neonatal hepatitis B vaccine 24 hours of the first dose timely rate, and standardize hepatitis B vaccine three-pin Qualified vaccination rate for the whole vaccination course in children. Take effective measures to improve PMTCT rate, it can reduce child carrier rate of hepatitis t3 surface antigen, and take effective measures to improve PMTCT rates, it will reduce children carrier rate of HBsAg.