覆膜栽培对盐碱地向日葵产量及土壤盐分影响的研究

Effects of Cultivation Technology of Whole Plastic-Film Mulching on Salt Accumulation and Yield of Sunflower

为了明确地膜覆盖对盐碱地向日葵产量的影响并探索其影响机理,通过田间试验和室内分析的方法,在内蒙古河套灌区盐碱地进行了全覆膜和半覆膜对向日葵出苗率、产量以及土壤盐分的影响研究。结果表明,在耕层土壤全盐含量3.5~6.0 g/kg的中重度盐碱地上,全覆膜较不覆膜土壤耕层脱盐率提高43.8%~53.8%,较传统半覆膜的脱盐率提高16.2%~20.3%;全覆膜较不覆膜、传统半覆膜向日葵出苗率分别提高45.6%和17.7%,向日葵产量分别提高183.3%和67.0%。

In order to find the effects of the plastic-film mulching on the yield of sunflower on salt-affected land and explore the affecting mechanism, a study was made on the effects of the whole field plastic-film mulching and half field plastic-film mulching on the emergence rate and yield of the sunflower as well as the soil salinity of the salt-affected land of Inner Mongolia Hetao irrigation area through field experiments and laboratory analysis. The results showed that the whole field plastic-film mulching could raise the rate of desalination by 43.8% ~ 53.8% compared with no plastic-film mulching, raise the rate of desalination by 16.2% ~ 20.3% compared with the traditional half plastic-film mulching, increase the sunflowers’ emergence rate by 45.6% and 17.7% respectively compared with no plastic-film mulching and traditional half plastic-film mulching, increase the yields of the sunflower by 183.3% and 67.0% respectively on the severe saline alkali soil with the total salt content in soil of 3.5 ~ 6.0 g/kg.