论隧道工程全过程风险管理模式

On Risk Management of Tunnel Engineering in Whole Process

风险管理是隧道工程项目管理的核心内容,必须从项目组织架构、项目承包模式和项目运营模式等各方面全方位地管理工程风险。对于具有高风险特性的隧道工程,尤其是大型跨江河和海峡的隧道工程,需要采用系统化风险管理的技术,从隧道工程建设全过程、全方位和全员参与模式,进行科学性和系统性风险管理。全过程的风险管理体系,涵盖工程可行性研究阶段、工程设计阶段、招投标阶段和工程建造、验收和移交阶段。风险管理流程需落实到项目各过程,包括风险识别、评估、分配、登记、量化及减轻措施等。着重讨论隧道工程全过程风险管理的理念、体系以及在实际隧道工程中的应用,介绍并探讨工程保险和风险管理相互促进模式。

Risk management is the core element of the project management of tunnel engineering. It is crucial to manage the engineering risk from all perspectives of project organization, procurement and operations. For high risk tunnel engineering projects, especially large scale river/sea crossing tunnels, it is very necessary to adopt scientific and systematic risk management system in a model of whole process, all perspectives and all party participation. The whole process risk management covers stages of engineering feasibility study, design, tendering and construction, completion acceptance and handover. In each engineering stage, risk management shall include risk identification, assessment, distribution, quantification and reduction measures. In this paper, the concept, protocol and the application of tunnel engineering whole process risk management are discussed, and the proactive model of insurance and risk management are introduced.