上海地区非营养专业医学生营养知识、态度和行为调查

Investigation of knowledge of nutrition,attitudes,and behaviors of medical students with non-nutrition majors in Shanghai

目的了解上海地区高校非营养专业医学生的营养知识、态度及行为,分析影响学生饮食行为的因素,为开展医学生营养健康教育提供依据。方法根据相关文献,采用自编问卷调查的方式,随机抽取上海地区4所高校398名非营养专业医学生,进行营养知识、态度及行为抽样调查,并分析调查对象营养知识、态度及行为得分。结果在398名非营养专业医学生中,回收377份有效问卷。非营养专业医学生营养知识普遍较缺乏,得分为(16.05±3.02)分;营养态度较为积极,得分为(21.74±4.14)分;饮食行为不理想,得分为(19.95±5.08)分。其中女生营养态度和行为得分均高于男生(P<0.001和P<0.05)。医学生体质量指数正常者占74.54%。营养知识与态度、行为呈正相关(r=0.157,P=0.002;r=0.250,P=0.000)。结论上海地区非营养专业医学生中普遍存在营养知识缺乏和营养行为不合理的情况,需要开设营养干预课程,提高营养认知水平,加强营养行为的教育和指导,以增强医学生日后在医疗工作中的营养治疗意识。

Objective To investigate the knowledge of nutrition, attitudes, and behaviors of medical students with non-nutrition majors at universities in Shanghai, analyze factors that affect dietary behaviors of students, and provide evidences for developing nutrition and health education for medical students. Methods According to relevant literature, a total of 398 medical students with non-nutrition majors at four universities in Shanghai were randomly selected. Questionnaire was designed to conduct the sampling survey of the knowledge of nutrition, attitudes, and behaviors and scores of the knowledge of nutrition, attitudes, and behaviors were analyzed. Results A total of 377 valid questionnaires were returned form 398 medical students with non- nutrition majors. Most of them lacked nutrition knowledge and the scores were 16.05 ±3.02. Their attitudes were active and the scores were 21.74 ±4.14, while dietary behaviors were unsatisfactory and the scores were 19.95 ±5.08. Scores of attitudes and behaviors of female students were higher than those of male students （P〈0. 001 and P〈0.05）. Students with normal BMI accounted for 74. 54%. The knowledge of nutrition was positively correlated with attitudes, and behaviors （r=0. 157, P=0. 002; r =0. 250, P=0. 000）. Conclusion Medical students with non-nutrition majors in Shanghai commonly lack knowledge of nutrition and their behaviors are unsatisfactory. It is necessary to provide nutrition intervention courses, improve the understanding of nutrition, strengthen education and guidance of behaviors, and enhance the consciousness of nutritional therapy of medical students for future medical practices.