无锡胚胎案与人工辅助生殖的法律思考

Legal Reflection on Embryo Case in Wuxi and Assisted Reproduction

无锡胚胎案的争议焦点是:冷冻胚胎的法律属性以及涉案胚胎的监管权和处置权的行使主体该如何确定?冷冻胚胎并不具有人格载体的属性,应当属于物的性质,然而它又不同于一般的普通物。在法律没有明确规定的情况下,法院可以在不违背法律精神的前提下,考虑伦理依据和情感因素以确定涉案胚胎的相关权利归属。为规范我国人工辅助生殖活动,打击违法犯罪行为,保障公民合法权利,应该对人工辅助生殖的基础理论问题展开广泛而深入的研究,以形成基本共识,进而制定颁布人工辅助生殖法;当下,可以先行对原卫生部所颁布的相关部门规章进行修订和完善。

The embryo case in Wuxi focused on the legal nature of frozen embryos and the determination of the exercising body of the involved embryos＇ supervision and disposition right. Frozen embryos do not possess the property of the personality carrier, they possess the nature of things, but they are different from ordinary things. In the absence of explicit legal rules, the court may decide the ownership of rights concerning the involved embryo based on ethical and emotional considerations and in accordance with the essence of law. In order to regulate the practic of assisted reproduction in China, punish related crimes and protect the legal rights of citizens, compre- hensive and in-depth studies should be conducted on the fundamentals of assisted reproduction for a general con- sensus, and a law on assisted reproduction should be enacted then. While at present, revisions can be made to the related regulations issued by the former Ministry of Public Health.