城市创新能力比较分析:以北京和上海为例

Comparative Analysis of City Innovation Capability: A Case Study of Beijing and Shanghai

以北京和上海为例,使用时间序列面板数据,重点比较了这两个城市的创新能力。利用已有的评价指标体系和城市创新能力综合评价模型,经过计算发现,北京和上海的城市创新能力差别不大。进一步比较分析发现,上海在实际利用外资额、高新技术产品出口占出口总值的比重以及每万人工业企业数方面具有显著优势,而北京在技术市场成交额占地区GDP的比重、每万人科技人员数量以及每万人拥有高等学校在校生人数等方面具有显著优势。这一结论表明上海更适合建设成为全球创新中心;而北京更适合建设成为全国创新中心,这与目前国家的政策和两个城市的发展定位是一致的,本文在一定程度上提供了理论基础。最后,也给出了相关的政策建议。

This paper takes Beijing and Shanghai as examples. Using panel data, we mainly compare the innovation capacity of these two cities. With help of the existing evaluation system and comprehensive evaluation model of city innovation capability, we find Beijing and Shanghai are not very different. Further comparative analysis reveals that Shanghai has a significant advantage in terms of the actual use of foreign investment, the ratio of high-tech exports to the whole export value as well as the number of industrial enterprises per ten thousand persons. Meanwhile, Beijing has a good performance on the ratio of the technology market turnover to the regional GDP, the number of scientific and technical persons per ten thousand residents as well as the count of college students. This conclusion shows that Shanghai is more suitable for being a global innovation center; while Beijing is better to be a national innovation center. This is consistent with the current national policies and the development orientation of the two cities. To some extent, this paper provides a theoretical foundation. Finally, we also gives our practical suggestions.