创新能力对我国体育用品企业竞争力影响的实证研究

Empirical research on influence of innovation ability on the competitiveness of Chinese sports goods enterprises

在梳理体育产业领域关于企业创新能力和竞争力文献的基础上,提出创新能力对体育用品企业竞争力的影响机制,进而构建我国体育用品企业竞争力评价指标体系.采集我国13家体育用品企业上市公司连续5年的数据,采用主成分分析法,并根据成分得分系数矩阵表转化为函数表达形式,计算出企业竞争力综合得分.最后,以体育用品企业竞争力为被解释变量,以营销投入比率、研发投入比率、人均科研投入、人均盈利能力、专利拥有数、研发投入增长率为解释变量,以企业规模为控制变量,构建多元线性回归模型,实证分析创新能力对我国体育用品企业竞争力的影响.研究结果表明:(1)体育用品企业竞争力综合得分较低,361度(F=0.344 0)、安踏体育(F=0.243 3)和中国动向(F=0.241 6)的企业竞争力得分位列前三名,企业竞争力得分最后三名分别为信隆实业(F=0.0231)、裕元集团(F=0.0005)和泰亚股份(F=-0.034 4);(2)体育用品企业营销投入比率(B=-0.027,Sig=0.553>0.05)、人均科研投入(B=-0.178,Sig=0.161>0.05)、专利拥有数(B=-0.045,Sig=0.430>0.05)与企业竞争力呈负相关,但关系不显著;(3)体育用品企业研发投入比率(B=0.035,Sig=0.640>0.05)和人均盈利能力(B=0.166,Sig=0.083>0.05)与企业竞争力呈正相关关系,但关系不显著;(4)体育用品企业研发投入增长率(B=0.193,Sig=0.001<0.01)与企业竞争力呈非常显著的正相关关系.

Relevant literature was reviewed to propose the influence of innovation ability on competitiveness of sports goods enterprises. An evaluation system of competitiveness of Chinese sporting goods enterprises was established. Five-year data from 13 Chinese sporting goods enterprises were used to acquire integrate scores of enterprise competitiveness by principal component analysis and component score coefficient matrix table. Factor analysis, multiple regression and multiple linear regression model building were used to analyze impact of innovation on competitiveness of sporting goods enterprises in China, with sporting goods enterprise competitiveness as explained variable, with marketing investment ratio, R ＆ D investment ratio, average investment in scientific research, average profitability, patent number, R ＆ D investment growth rate as explanatory variables, and with the scale of the enterprise as control variable. It was found that the overall competitiveness scores of sports goods enterprises were rather low. The top three ranking enterprises in descending competitiveness were. 361 Degrees （F= 0. 344 0）, Anta sports （F=0. 243 3） and Chinese trend （F=0. 241 6）. The bottom three ranking enterprises in descending competitiveness were. Xin Long Industries （F=0. 023 1）, Yu Yuan Group （F=0. 000 5）, and Tai Ya Shares （F=-0. 034 4）. Marketing investment ratio （B=-0. 027, Sig=0. 553）0.05）, Average Investment in Scientific Research （B=-0. 178, Sig=0. 1612〉 0.05）, patent number （B = - 0. 045, Sig = 0. 430 ） 0.05） showed negative correlation with enterprise competitiveness, but without any statistical significance. Sports goods industry R＆D Investment Ratio （B= 0. 035, Sig=0. 6402〉0.05）, Average Profitability （B=O. 166, Sig=0. 083）0.05） showed positive correlation with enterprise competitiveness, but with no statistical significance. Growth rate of sports goods enterprises RInD investment showed positive correlation with enterprise competitiveness （B=0. 193, Sig=0. 001〈0.01）, with statistical significance.