不同工作年限临床护士压力来源调查研究

INVESTIGATION ON WORKING STRESSORS AMONG CLINICAL NURSES WITH DIFFERENT WORKING YEARS

目的了解临床中不同工作年限护士的压力来源,并探讨缓解压力的对策。方法采用由国内护士工作压力源量表和压力应对方式调查构成的问卷,对唐山市某三甲医院的102名临床护士进行问卷调查,分析和对比四种不同年限护士的工作压力源。结果不同工作年限护士压力总分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但在护理专业及工作方面,新职工组的压力最大,在工作环境和资源方面,高年资组的压力明显高于其他三组,在管理及人际关系等方面中年资组的压力得分最高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。不同工作年限护士在工作量及时间分配方面均得分最高,但各组主要工作压力来源不同。85%的临床护士提到工作压力影响身心健康及日常生活,10%的护士表示工作压力对护理工作产生不良影响。临床护士的主要解压方式相似,都是从自身方面进行调适,如倾诉或增加娱乐活动。结论不同年限护士工作压力源不同,护理管理者应关心护士的身心状况,并且要根据护士的不同年资采取有针对性的减压措施。只有医院管理者重视起护理工作,提高护士自身的素质,才能减轻临床不同年资护士的工作压力,改善身心状况,从而提高护理质量。

Objective To study the job stressors and the strategics of coping with stress among nurses who have different service years. Methods One hundred and twenty nurses from a grade A class 3 hospital in Tangshan were recruited randomly in doing the job stressor scale and coping style questionnaire. Results There was no significant difference in the total score of job stressors among nurses who had different work- ing years （P〉0.05）, but the newly working nurses had the highest score in terms of nursing profession and working; The senior nurses and nurses working for 5 to 15 years showed significantly higher scores in the factors of working environment and resource and management and relationship respectively （P〉0.05）. All of nurses showed higher score about workload and time- assignment, but their main stressors were dif- ferent. 85% of all respondents mentioned that stress affected their physical health and daily lives, while a- bout 10% nurses stated that stress had an influence on doing their work. Most of the respondents had simi- lar methods for coping with stress, for example communicating with others or through recreation. Conclu- sions There are different job stressors among nurses having different working years. Nursing administra- tors should care more about nurses＇ health condition and take corresponding measures to relieve nurses＇ job stress according to their working years.