农民土地权益的法律保障——以集体土地所有权改革为视角

On the Protection of Farmer's Land Interests—— from the Perspective of Collective Land Ownership Reform

集体土地所有权主体的法律确认是集体土地流转的前提,其决定集体土地占有、使用、收益与处分的权利人和利益的享有者,是农民土地权益保障的法律制度基础。由于我国现行法律对农村集体土地所有权的主体规定不明确、集体土地所有权赋能不足以及农民土地权益法律保障缺失等,农民作为集体成员对集体土地的共有权被虚置,农民的土地利益被剥夺。破除体制机制壁垒、推进集体土地所有权制度改革、通过立法确认农民集体土地所有权主体资格、明晰农民在集体土地所有权中的份额、拓展集体土地所有权权能、强化农民土地利益的法律保障是农村改革和农业现代化的必然,也是城乡协同发展和社会公平公正的必然。

The legal recognition of collective land ownership is the base of collective land transference as well as the base for the protection offarmers' rights to collective land, which determines the beneficiaries of respective land occupation, utility, proceeds, and disposition. Farmers' interests on collective land, however, are deprived because of the current law ambiguity of collective land ownership and the insufficiency of therights of collective land. To access to justice and to better protect farmers' right to collective land and to enhance the development of the ruralareas and agriculture, it is suggested that China should reform current collective land ownership by means of legal recognition of farmers' ownership to collective land and clarifying their respective shares to the land.