高海拔地区不同海拔对菊花植株生长与品质的影响

Effects of different altitudes on plant growth and quality of chrysanthemum at high altitude

通过田间测定引种栽培于四川省宝兴县不同海拔高度菊花植株的株高、地径、分枝数等营养生长指标及花数量、花重量、花直径、花厚度等生殖生长指标，采用高效液相色谱法测定菊花样品的绿原酸含量、木犀草苷含量、异绿原酸A含量等主要品质指标，并对测得数据进行方差分析和相关性分析，研究比较了高海拔地区不同海拔高度对菊花植株生长与品质的影响。结果表明：海拔梯度对菊花株高、花数、花重量、花直径、花厚度、木犀草苷含量和异绿原酸A含量均有显著影响（P〉0．05），对地径、分枝数和绿原酸含量无显著影响（P〈0．05），其中株高、花数和花直径与海拔梯度相关性显著（P〈0．05）。除分枝数和地径外，高海拔地区不同海拔高度对菊花植株的生长影响较大，在一定海拔范围内（2051～2405m），海拔高度对菊花品质形成的影响较小，据2010版《药典》对菊花有效成分最低限量标准，海拔2051～2598m所产的菊花均符合药用条件，以海拔2329m左右所产的菊花品质较佳。研究结果可为高海拔地区引种栽培菊花提供理论依据。

In this paper, the main vegetative growth indexes of chrysanthemum such as height of plant, number of ground stem diameter, number of branches and the main reproductive growth indexes of chrysanthemum such as number of flower, weight of flower, diameter of flower, thickness of flower which were introduced and cultivated at different alti- tude in Baoxing of Sichuan Province were measured by field trials and the main quality indexes of the chrysanthemum samples such as content of Chlorogenic acid,contents of Luteolin and Isochlorogenic acid A were measured by laboratory analysis. The measured data were prossed by variance and correlation analysis to find the difference of plant growth and quality for medication of chrysanthemum which were introduced and cultivated at different altitude at high altitude area. The results showed that the vegetable growth index such as height of plant,the reproductive growth indexes such as number of flower,weight of flower, diameter of flower, thickness of flower and the quality indexes such as content of Luteolm and Isochlorogenic acid A of chrysanthemum were affected significantly by the elevation gradient at high atti- tude area（P〉0.05）. The vegetable growth indexes such as diameter of groung stem, number of braches and the quality index such as content of Chlorogenic acid of chrysanthemum were affected insignificantly by the elevation gradient at high attitude area（P〈0.05）. The vegetable growth index such as height of plant and the quality indexes such as number of flower, diameter of flower of chrysanthemum had a significant correlation with the elevation gradient at high attitude ar- ea（P〈0.05）. The elevation gradient at high attitude area had a significant effects on the plant growth of chrysanthemum exclude a few vegetable growth indexes such as the number of braches and diameter of ground stem. Within a certain range of altitudes（2 051--2 405 m） at high attitude area, the elevation gradient had insignificant effects on the quality for- mation of chrysanthemum. The quality of chrysanthemum all met the medicinal condition within the altitude of 2 051-- 2 598 m according to the minimum limits standard of active ingredients of chrysanthemum in the ＂Pepole＇s Republic of China Pharmacopoeia（2010 edition）＂ and the chrysanthemum had a best quality for medication which were introduced and cultivated around the altitude of 2 329 m. This study provided a theoretical basis for the introduction and cultivation of chrysanthemum for medication in the high altitude area.