石菖蒲醇提物对番茄幼苗防御酶影响

Effects of alcoholic extracts from Acorus tatarinowii on defensive enzymes of tomato

为了探讨石菖蒲醇提物作为一种中药杀菌剂对病菌寄主植物本身防御酶体系的影响,该研究以番茄欧粉贝幼苗和川产道地中药石菖蒲为材料,采用冷浸法制备石菖蒲醇提物,经不同浓度石菖蒲醇提物对番茄幼苗进行处理,用比色法测定多酚氧化酶(PPO)、苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)和过氧化物酶(POD)的活性,并利用GC-MS联用技术,对石菖蒲醇提物的主要化学成分进行定性分析。结果表明:第1天,醇提物浓度在0.04~0.08 g·mL^(-1)时,PAL活性显著高于对照;随后PAL活性随浓度升高降低;当浓度在0.04~0.16 g·mL^(-1)时,POD活性与对照无显著差异;浓度为0.32 g·mL^(-1)时,POD活性显著高于对照;浓度为0.64 g·mL^(-1)时,POD活性显著低于对照;当浓度在0.04~0.32 g·mL^(-1)时,PPO活性显著高于对照;浓度为0.64 g·mL^(-1)时,PPO活性与对照无显著差异;随着时间的延长,三种酶各处理组之间的差异逐步减少。第4天时,各处理组之间PAI,的活性无显著差异;当浓度为0.04 g·mL^(-1)和0.64 g·mL^(-1)时,PPO活性与对照无显著差异,其余范围均显著高于对照;当浓度在0.08~0.32 g·mL^(-1)时,POD活性数值上均高于对照。以上表明在一定浓度范围内醇提物可以增强防御酶活性,未破坏植物的防御酶体系。因此,该醇提物作为一种新型的中药杀菌剂有巨大的开发和利用潜力。利用GC-MS联用技术,可从醇提物中鉴定出30种化学成分,这些物质中多为苯丙素类物质,如β-细辛醚、α-(细辛醚和顺式甲基异丁香油酚等,其中含量最高的物质为β-细辛醚(42.48%)。这提示在后续的研究中,可针对β-细辛醚等醇提物的主要化学成分进行。

This paper aims to explore Acorus tatarinowii alcohol extracts as a kind of traditional Chinese herbal medi- cine fungicide effects on the plant defense enzyme system of fungi host. The test materials were tomato seedlings and Sichuan authentic herbal medicine A. tatarinowii. A. tatarinowii alcohol extracts were prepared by cold-maceration. The main experimental methods were colorimetric method and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The activity of plant defensive enzymes were examined by colorimetric method after the treatment of tomato seedlings using dif-ferent concentrations of alcoholic extracts from A. tatarinowii. And the main chemical compositions of A. tatari- nowii alcohol extracts were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. These results showed that when the concentration of A. tatarinowii alcohol extracts in 0.04--0.08 g · mL^-1 , the activity of PAL was significantly higher than control groups on the first day. Then the activity of PAL reduced with the increase of the concentration of alco- hol extract. And at the outset of the activity of POD had no significant difference on concentration condition of 0.04-- 0.16 g · mL^-1. When the concentration of A. tatarinowii alcohol extracts in 0.64 g · mL^-1 , the activity of PAL was significantly lower than control groups. And the activity of PPO was significantly higher than control groups on con- centration condition of 0.04--0.32 g · mL^-1. When in 0.64 g · mL^-1 , the activity of PPO had no significant difference with control groups. But with the extension of time, the difference between each group of three enzymes was reduced. On the 4th day, the activity of PAL had no significant differences between treatment groups. When the concentration of alcohol extracts in 0.04--0.64 g · mL^-1 , the activity of PPO had no significant differences with control groups. The activity of PPO was significantly higher than control groups on the scope of the other. When in 0.08--0.32 g· mL^-1 , the activity of POD of values were higher than those in control groups. The results showed that A. tatarinowii alco- hol extracts could influence the activity of plant defensive enzymes and a certain concentration of A. tatarinowii alco- hol extracts could enhance it without damaging plants defense enzyme system. Therefore, A. tatarinowii alcohol ex- tracts as a new type of traditional Chinese herbal medicine fungicide is a huge potential of development and utilization. And thirty chemical compositions were identified from A. tatarinowii alcoholic extracts by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The main chemical composition of A. tatarinowii alcohol extracts was phenylpropanoids such as β-asa- rone,α-asarone and cis-Methylisoeugenol. The most abundant chemical composition was β-asarone. And the content of β-asarone in A. tatarinowii alcohol extracts accounted for 42.48%. And in follow-up studies, we can study the main chemical composition of A. tatarinowii alcohol extracts like β-asarone.