基于生境选择的喀斯特濒危野生药用植物近地保护探讨

Discuss about the Near-situ Protection of Endangered Wild Medicinal Plants in Karst Area Based on Habitat Selection

在喀斯特生境中,濒危野生药用植物具有分布狭窄、种群数量稀少的特点。石漠化和人为过度掠夺加剧了对濒危种的危害,使濒危野生药用植物种质资源多样性受到威胁。开展抢救性保护具有急迫性,是濒危药用植物资源可持续利用的需要。一方面,喀斯特野生濒危药用植物对生境的选择性强,另一方面,喀斯特生境破碎化。仅依靠自然保护区就地保护,难以覆盖和有针对性地解决不同地域濒危药用植物种群恢复的问题。迁地保护不仅存在生境、药材道地性的挑战,而且可能会增加濒危种残余种群的灭绝风险和遗传问题。据此,本文提倡在喀斯特适宜生境中,通过近地保护策略,促进喀斯特濒危野生药用植物种质资源的保存与保护,维护喀斯特脆弱生态系统的稳定和生物多样性。

In the karst habitat, the distribution of the wild endangered medical plants is narrow and the population quantity is very scarce. What is more, rocky desertification and human misuse threaten the di- versity of wild endangered medical plants resources. So the study on its protection of salvage is imminent. However, on the one hand, the wild endangered medical plants have strong selectivity for habitat; on the other hand, there exists karst habitat fragmentation. Thus, the in situ conservation of wild plants is not a targeted approach to solve the population restoration of endangered species in different geographic areas. And the ex - situ conservation not only affects the habitat and medicine genuineness, but also may in- crease the extinction risk and genetic problems of residual population of endangered species. According- ly, a new strategy has been put forward in this thesis, that is, to protect in near regions to promote the preservation and protection of germplasm resources of wild endangered medical plants in karst area, main- tain the stability of karst fragile ecological system and biological diversity.