不同菌种对油橄榄叶发酵饲料的影响

Effect of Different Strains on Fermented Feedstuff from Olive Leaves

以黑曲霉、白地霉、米曲霉、绿色木霉、产朊假丝酵母和热带假丝酵母为固态发酵菌种,考察单菌及混合菌种对油橄榄叶发酵饲料中纤维素酶活(β-葡萄糖苷酶活、羧甲基纤维素酶活及滤纸酶活),蛋白质及总单宁含量的影响。结果表明,单菌发酵效率最高的菌种为黑曲霉,发酵3天时纤维素酶活最高,β-葡萄糖苷酶活10.53 U/m L、羧甲基纤维素(CMC)酶活10.61 U/m L、滤纸(FPA)酶活4.02U/m L,发酵5天时蛋白质最高达14.61%,发酵7天总单宁降解率最高达84.14%;混菌发酵效率最高的为黑曲霉与产朊假丝酵母的组合,其最佳比例为1∶1(体积比),发酵时间5天,纤维素酶活最高,β-葡萄糖苷酶活12.45 U/m L、CMC酶活12.59 U/m L及FPA酶活5.51 U/m L,发酵7天时蛋白质最高可达18.63%,总单宁降解率最高为86.49%。

Olive leaves were fermented by AspergiUus niger, Geotrichum candidum, Aspergillus oryzae, Candida utilis, Candida tropicalis, and Trichoderma viride. The effects of the single and the combination of two strains on the cellulase activity （β-glucosidase, CMCase and filter paper activity）, protein content, and total tannins content were investigated. The results indicated that the best fermented efficiency for single strain of olive leaves fermented feedstuff was A. niger, with a result of β- glucosidase activity 10.53 U/mL, CMCase activity 10.61 U/mL and filter paper activity 4.02 U/mL when they were fermented for 3 days. The highest protein content 14.61% for 5 days and the highest tannins degradation 84. 14% for 7 days were achieved. The best fermented efficiency by mixed strains of olive leaves fermented feedstuff was the combination of A. niger and C. utilis with a ratio of 1 ： 1 （v/v）. The highest cellucase activity（fl-glucesidase activity 12.45 U/mL, CMCase activity 12.59 U/mL, filter paper activity 5.51 U/mL） was obtained by the mixed strains（ 1：1 ） in need of 5 days. When the fermented time reached 7 days, the protein content reached 18.63% and total tannic degradation was 86.49% in the fermented product.