中国非汉族体大家族理念与形制——基于西域诸族的考释

The Concept and Morphology of Patrilineal and Extended Lineage in Non-Han Ethnic of China——Research Based on the Serindia

汉人大家族由中外汉学家作为中国文化的核心与根基而成为汉学宗族研究的传统对象。然而,家族宗族实体同样存在于非汉族体的历史和社会,在汉人社会称为宗族,在中东欧称为"父姓氏集团",在内陆亚则为家族公社。即在汉域之外,宗统世系观念与制度同等重要,同具历史意义,亦是其世族、历史、王室、王朝延伸的内在线索和传统文化的根基。边域诸族的家规家约系谱等,或有《朱子家礼》的要素,但其大家族元素和理念,基于原有族体文化或由其生成,并非且不应视作仅或一律为汉人家族观念的移植。本文究溯非汉族体家族研究脉络,以内陆亚和中国诸族体大家族制度补充非汉域的大家族形态,以边域跨域理念宗族补缺汉学宗族研究类型。

Such as village patriarchal clan had become the model of chinese lineage research, the Han patrilineal lineage have become the traditional object of sinological pedigree or genealogical studies. It had been regarded as the core and foundation of chinese culture by chinese and foreign sinologist. But society have been organized more rely on the extended family （lineage） in non- han chinese ethnic population and Inner Asia. So beyond non-han societies, the concept and system of patriarchal clan and lineage are still have the equal important status and deep historical significance. Clan and lineage entities also exist in non-han ethnic history and societies, It had been called ＂zong zu＂ in han society, had been called rtarpoartMria （patriarchal group） in central and eastern Europe, had been called ＂patrilineal family commune＂ in Inner Asia. It same has been the foundation of their traditional aristocratic culture, and the internal cues of their gentry clans, royal family, dynasty and historcal extended. Those elements,concept and system of patriarchal clan or patrilineal lineage among with people on the rimland of China and central-west Asia, were belong to the culture their-self or generative from contact each other, and was not transplanting from han people patrilineal elan. The article found researchful source and course for non-han patriarchal clan and extended family （lineage）, so that supplement deficiency about sinology clan and linage morphological research.